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ECONOMIC VALUE OF MACROFUNGI
PREPARED BY: SYUHADA RAZAK, IZZATY AISYAH, NUR AISYAH BINTI ABD AZIZ, ATIKAH KHALIB, SHAKIRA, IZZUDDIN
Mushroom is one of the well-known fungus fruit body all around the world because of their unique taste and structure. The nutrient contain in mushroom also can be one of the reason why people love mushroom in their daily diet. Mushroom contains lot of nutrients, low in calories and high in protein, vitamins, minerals and folic acid. We can get roughly about 4.9% of protein from mushrooms which are more compared to cow milk and any green vegetables. Mushroom is one of the ideal choices for people in the mission of losing weight or people who weight conscious.
The demand of the mushrooms from the market all round the world is very high and it has been estimated that the demand will be increase year by years as population grow. The main suppliers of mushrooms are China, Taiwan and Indonesia while on the other hand, German, USA, Canada, Japan and Australia are the main importing countries for mushrooms. About 50% of the mushroom production in all round the world will be sold to the local market freshly and the rest of the mushroom will be canned, dried or frozen and export to the international market. The export of canned mushrooms all around the world has been estimated roughly about US$1000 million and the value will be increase along the increasing demand.
In 2009, Malaysia has imported 2.5 million tons on fresh and dried mushrooms.
The quantities has increased in 2012, 2.71 million tons of fresh mushrooms which cost more than USD 1.55million and 3.11 million tons of dried mushrooms that cost more than USD3.0million were imported from China into Malaysia.
Malaysia become main exporter of mushrooms in Singapore by exporting out fresh mushrooms and dried mushrooms to Thailand. however in 2011 to 2012, the export of fresh mushrooms to Singapore has dropped from 2.16million tons to 1.78million tons due to higher export of dried mushrooms.
There is a significant upward in global mushroom trade over four decades and Malaysia is not excluded from this industry (Mohd Zaffrie et al., 2014). In Kuching, Sarawak, there is a huge growth potential of global demand for this edible fungus for local mushroom farming. Nowadays the cultivation of oyster mushroom is simple and clean as there is a development in science and technology. He said, “gone are the days when fungus grew wild and hand picked before being sold because now producers can mass produce it.” Besides, there is increased in the import value of mushroom in Malaysia which was from RM9.71 million in 2005 to 18.18 million in 2012 (Mohd Zaffrie et al., 2014). According to assistant Minister in the Chief Minister’s Department (Bumiputra Entrepreneur Development) Datuk Mohd Naroden Majais, there is always a support and assist from government for those who and were willing to take risks and had foresight that in whatever farming that they do. He also said that there was a huge demand on halal food, not only coming from Muslim countries alone, but others as well. Meanwhile, Green Spores Agrotech managing director Zulkarnain Abdul Rahim Karim, who started his oyster mushroom venture three years ago said he started with a RM50,000 capital and he and his partners had to harvest, packed and sell their mushrooms to supermarkets in the city. “At that time, we could only sell 200 to 300 packets a day, but with funding from the government, we moved into a factory and invest in new technology. Now, we can produce 250,000 packets”. Zulkarnain said their target was two tonnes of mushroom to meet local demand and for export in the future.
Mushroom is one of the well-known fungus fruit body all around the world because of their unique taste and structure. The nutrient contain in mushroom also can be one of the reason why people love mushroom in their daily diet. Mushroom contains lot of nutrients, low in calories and high in protein, vitamins, minerals and folic acid. We can get roughly about 4.9% of protein from mushrooms which are more compared to cow milk and any green vegetables. Mushroom is one of the ideal choices for people in the mission of losing weight or people who weight conscious.
The demand of the mushrooms from the market all round the world is very high and it has been estimated that the demand will be increase year by years as population grow. The main suppliers of mushrooms are China, Taiwan and Indonesia while on the other hand, German, USA, Canada, Japan and Australia are the main importing countries for mushrooms. About 50% of the mushroom production in all round the world will be sold to the local market freshly and the rest of the mushroom will be canned, dried or frozen and export to the international market. The export of canned mushrooms all around the world has been estimated roughly about US$1000 million and the value will be increase along the increasing demand.
In 2009, Malaysia has imported 2.5 million tons on fresh and dried mushrooms.
The quantities has increased in 2012, 2.71 million tons of fresh mushrooms which cost more than USD 1.55million and 3.11 million tons of dried mushrooms that cost more than USD3.0million were imported from China into Malaysia.
Malaysia become main exporter of mushrooms in Singapore by exporting out fresh mushrooms and dried mushrooms to Thailand. however in 2011 to 2012, the export of fresh mushrooms to Singapore has dropped from 2.16million tons to 1.78million tons due to higher export of dried mushrooms.
- the largest importer of mushrooms is UK
- the largest exporter of mushrooms is Poland
- the largest producer and consumers of mushrooms are France and Spain
- the largest exporter of processed mushrooms is China
There is a significant upward in global mushroom trade over four decades and Malaysia is not excluded from this industry (Mohd Zaffrie et al., 2014). In Kuching, Sarawak, there is a huge growth potential of global demand for this edible fungus for local mushroom farming. Nowadays the cultivation of oyster mushroom is simple and clean as there is a development in science and technology. He said, “gone are the days when fungus grew wild and hand picked before being sold because now producers can mass produce it.” Besides, there is increased in the import value of mushroom in Malaysia which was from RM9.71 million in 2005 to 18.18 million in 2012 (Mohd Zaffrie et al., 2014). According to assistant Minister in the Chief Minister’s Department (Bumiputra Entrepreneur Development) Datuk Mohd Naroden Majais, there is always a support and assist from government for those who and were willing to take risks and had foresight that in whatever farming that they do. He also said that there was a huge demand on halal food, not only coming from Muslim countries alone, but others as well. Meanwhile, Green Spores Agrotech managing director Zulkarnain Abdul Rahim Karim, who started his oyster mushroom venture three years ago said he started with a RM50,000 capital and he and his partners had to harvest, packed and sell their mushrooms to supermarkets in the city. “At that time, we could only sell 200 to 300 packets a day, but with funding from the government, we moved into a factory and invest in new technology. Now, we can produce 250,000 packets”. Zulkarnain said their target was two tonnes of mushroom to meet local demand and for export in the future.
ECONOMIC IN MALAYSIA
Trading Of Mushroom in Malaysia
-Still new and small but steadily growing. The biggest production area are Selangor followed by Johor and Kedah (Che Hasmah, 2008).
-Demanding increasing toward awareness of health
-Important commodity to generate in Malaysia with 15% grows of global market annually.
Demanding of mushroom in Malaysia
-Malaysia’s highest demand in domestic market. It is increasing every year but Malaysia unable to meet demand.
-Malaysia import more than 5 tons of fresh and dried mushrooms since 2009 and keep increasing import of mushroom reach 10million tons in 2012 (Mohd Zaffrie & Azahar Harun, 2015).
-Malaysia import from China. During 2012, China is the leading of mushroom exporter in the world.
-Fresh oyster mushroom highly demand by end users.
-Shitake and button are popular in institutional costumer such as hotel.
Exporting mushroom
-Malaysia starting to export in 1997. The main export are fresh mushroom to Singapore and dried mushroom to Thailand (Mohd Zaffrie ,2014).
Potential of Mushroom Trading in Malaysia
-Agro-Climate in Malaysia is the main factor of high potential in cultivation of mushroom.
-Malaysia has high potential to be one of the biggest competitor of mushroom trading in the world.
-Still new and small but steadily growing. The biggest production area are Selangor followed by Johor and Kedah (Che Hasmah, 2008).
-Demanding increasing toward awareness of health
-Important commodity to generate in Malaysia with 15% grows of global market annually.
Demanding of mushroom in Malaysia
-Malaysia’s highest demand in domestic market. It is increasing every year but Malaysia unable to meet demand.
-Malaysia import more than 5 tons of fresh and dried mushrooms since 2009 and keep increasing import of mushroom reach 10million tons in 2012 (Mohd Zaffrie & Azahar Harun, 2015).
-Malaysia import from China. During 2012, China is the leading of mushroom exporter in the world.
-Fresh oyster mushroom highly demand by end users.
-Shitake and button are popular in institutional costumer such as hotel.
Exporting mushroom
-Malaysia starting to export in 1997. The main export are fresh mushroom to Singapore and dried mushroom to Thailand (Mohd Zaffrie ,2014).
Potential of Mushroom Trading in Malaysia
-Agro-Climate in Malaysia is the main factor of high potential in cultivation of mushroom.
-Malaysia has high potential to be one of the biggest competitor of mushroom trading in the world.
Why Mushroom Has Higher Economic Value
- Edible mushrooms are highly nutritious. It contains vitamin B and D, minerals, fatty acids and amino acids which are said to be well-balanced food compared to other vegetables (Çağlarırmak, 2011). The protein value contain in mushroom is double of cabbage, potatoes and asparagus, four times that of tomatoes and carrot and six times that of orange.
- Mushroom also important in medicinal use. Research found that white button mushroom or Agaricus bisporus has anticarcinogenic effects for prostate and breast cancer. That is why it become the main export mushroom.
- Mushroom cultivation is saving and profitable because it is not much rely on machinery, pesticides and fertilizers. It is also requires only a small area and can produce returns in a short time. In Nigeria, it takes about seven month for the maize and cassava crops to reach harvest maturity and it is equivalent to the three cycles of mushroom production. Sales profit of the mushroom is also higher than the maize and cassava.
- The mushroom cultivation can give the job opportunities in semi-urban and rural areas thus can alleviate poverty (Imtiaj and Rahman, 2008).
- The developing countries such as Bangladesh are now focusing on the mushroom cultivation as source of food and generate national income.
REFERENCES
http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/publications/pmryprof/food/ch2.pdf (Retrieved on 15th Oct 2015)
Zaffrie,M.A.,Harun, A., Abdul Wahab,M.A.,(2014). Status and Potential of Mushroom Industry In Malaysia,9,103-111.
Rahman, Imtiaj. (2008). ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF MUSHROOMS CULTIVATION TO POVERTY. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems ,
8: 93 - 99 .
Çağlarırmak, N. (2011). EDIBLE MUSHROOMS: AN ALTERNATIVE FOOD ITEM. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP7) 2011, 548-554.
Che Hasmah Hassan (2008). Malaysian Mushroom Conference and Foray.
Comtrade (2004-2012), Retrieved 16 October2015 from www.comtrade.un.org
Zaffrie,M.A.,Harun, A., Abdul Wahab,M.A.,(2014). Status and Potential of Mushroom Industry In Malaysia,9,103-111.
Zaffrie M., Harun A., Competitiveness of Mushroom Industry in Malaysia. Retrieved 16 october 2015 from http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/files/ap_policy/481/481_1.pdf.
Zaffrie,M.A.,Harun, A., Abdul Wahab,M.A.,(2014). Status and Potential of Mushroom Industry In Malaysia,9,103-111.
Rahman, Imtiaj. (2008). ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF MUSHROOMS CULTIVATION TO POVERTY. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems ,
8: 93 - 99 .
Çağlarırmak, N. (2011). EDIBLE MUSHROOMS: AN ALTERNATIVE FOOD ITEM. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP7) 2011, 548-554.
Che Hasmah Hassan (2008). Malaysian Mushroom Conference and Foray.
Comtrade (2004-2012), Retrieved 16 October2015 from www.comtrade.un.org
Zaffrie,M.A.,Harun, A., Abdul Wahab,M.A.,(2014). Status and Potential of Mushroom Industry In Malaysia,9,103-111.
Zaffrie M., Harun A., Competitiveness of Mushroom Industry in Malaysia. Retrieved 16 october 2015 from http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/files/ap_policy/481/481_1.pdf.