Edited and designed by Nurul Ashikin Zakariah
The toxin group |
The Amanita is the genus that mostly found as toxic mushrooms. almost all are toxic and only few that are edible but still it have some side effect even though it is not as deadly as the poisonous one. so, here are the few species found in Malaysia..
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Common name:
Kulat Asu Scientific name: Not identified yet Record found: Kapit, Sarawak Categories: Wild mushroom, look like mushroom,poisonous Physical morphology: Look like mushroom, plump, tasty stir- fry Habitat: Thriving on patch grass Symptoms: Vary according to organism gastrointestinal, cause death to human in a minute or several day. |
Common:
Death cap Scientific name: Amanita phalloides Record found: Malaysia forest Categories: Wild mushroom,poisonous, look like mushroom Physical morphology: Imposing, fruiting body, usually with cap from 5 to 15 cm, round and hemispherical, but flattening with age. Habitat: On ground at edge of the Malaysia forest, on anthill Symptom: Destroy protein synthesis, affect to heart, kidney and body cell |
![Picture](/uploads/6/2/1/2/62123219/8481740_orig.png)
AMANITIN
It is found that 3 type of toxin mushroom group in the aminata genus which are gastrointestinal irritants, muscarine, ibotenic acid and similar Isoxazole derivative (“Poisonous American Mushrooms - AmericanMushrooms.com,” n.d.). Gastrointestinal irritants are commonly poisonous mushroom with least trouble but can cause mild. There are many mushroom that contain toxic and poison including some species Agaricus, the Green-spored Lepiota, several blue-staining, orange-to red- pored boletes in genus Boletus, the Sulphur Tuft mushroom, and several species from the genus of Verpa bohemica and Gomphus floccopus. Nusea, vomit, diarrhea and abdominal cramps are the example of the symptoms that may range from mild to acute. In rare case, can cause death by heart secondary failure to dehydration, and electrolyte depletion. Remember do not try to eat uncooked mushroom!
Figure 1: Example of the Gomphus floccopus (source: google image)
It is found that 3 type of toxin mushroom group in the aminata genus which are gastrointestinal irritants, muscarine, ibotenic acid and similar Isoxazole derivative (“Poisonous American Mushrooms - AmericanMushrooms.com,” n.d.). Gastrointestinal irritants are commonly poisonous mushroom with least trouble but can cause mild. There are many mushroom that contain toxic and poison including some species Agaricus, the Green-spored Lepiota, several blue-staining, orange-to red- pored boletes in genus Boletus, the Sulphur Tuft mushroom, and several species from the genus of Verpa bohemica and Gomphus floccopus. Nusea, vomit, diarrhea and abdominal cramps are the example of the symptoms that may range from mild to acute. In rare case, can cause death by heart secondary failure to dehydration, and electrolyte depletion. Remember do not try to eat uncooked mushroom!
Figure 1: Example of the Gomphus floccopus (source: google image)
![Picture](/uploads/6/2/1/2/62123219/8247879_orig.png)
Next, muscarine. A handful of mushroom. Can cause visual disturbances, glandular hypersecretion, difficult breathing, and irregular heartbeat. Symptoms appear within 30 minutes and abate in 24 hours. Example of the muscarine group are The Jack O’Lantern Mushroom, Boletus luridus, Clitocybe dealbata, Mycena pura and several genus of Inocybe.
Figure 2: Shows the Boletus luridus mushroom (Source: google image)
Figure 2: Shows the Boletus luridus mushroom (Source: google image)
![Picture](/uploads/6/2/1/2/62123219/484766_orig.png)
The Ibotenic acid and similar Isoxazole derivaties are most notably for Fly Agraric and Panther. They contain ibotenic acid and muscimol that can cause some desire intense activity like deep sleep. All of this is wild mushroom and very poisonous.
Figure 3: A.gemmata
(Source google image)
Figure 3: A.gemmata
(Source google image)
Toxic mushrooms have many types of poison produced. so, here are 5 types of poison that we can share here :
5 types of poisons in mushroom:
http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/CausesOfIllnessBadBugBook/ucm070853.htm
5 types of poisons in mushroom:
- Protoplasmic
- Example of mushroom species: Destroying Angel aka Death Cap (Amanita phalloides, A. virosa), Fool’s Mushroom (A. verna), Autumn Skullcap (Galerina autumnalis).
- Amanitins (poison produced): long latent period- show no symptoms and form sudden pain and vomiting frequently.
- Neurotoxins
- Eg: Inocybe, Clitocybe species.
- Neurological problems, symptom showed within 30 minutes which are profuse sweating, increased salivation, perspiration and lacrimation after mushroom ingested.
- If too much ingestion, cause nausea, abdominal pain, blurred vision and diarrhea.
- Neurologic problems such as convulsion and coma up to 12 hours.
- Gastrointinstinal irritants
- Eg: Green Gill (Chlorophyllum molybdites), Gray Pinkgill (Entoloma lividum), Tigertop (Tricholoma pardinum), Jack O’Lantern (Omphalotus illudens) and others.
- Vomiting and/or diarrhea for few days due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
- Disulfiram-like
- Inky Cap Mushroom (Coprinus atramentarius).
- Comsuming this kind of mushroom + alcohol will cause headache. Nausea, vomiting and cardiovascular disturbances up to 3 hours.
- Miscellaneous
- Young fruiting bodies of sulfur shelf fungus Laetiporus sulphurous (edible).
- Adult symptoms: digestive upset
- Child symptoms: visual hallucinations and ataxia.
http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/CausesOfIllnessBadBugBook/ucm070853.htm
Here are some of the most deadly fungi in the world. click the link below for further details.
http://www.planetdeadly.com/nature/poisonous-mushrooms
http://www.planetdeadly.com/nature/poisonous-mushrooms
Information about the mushrooms that are similar to the edible mushrooms..
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sharing the experiences and studies about mushroom poisoning cases inside and outside of Malaysia. All around the world.
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providing the tips and precautions in handling toxic mushrooms as well as
the tips to survive from this deadly creatures |
pictures, images, gifs and videos etc. related to poisonous mushrooms..
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REFERENCE:
Poisonous American Mushrooms - AmericanMushrooms.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from http://americanmushrooms.com/toxicms.htm
Poisonous American Mushrooms - AmericanMushrooms.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from http://americanmushrooms.com/toxicms.htm